PyAlgoTrade:交易策略可视化

PyAlgoTrade利用matplotlib进行交易策略可视化。它做了非常系统的工作，包括买入卖出的交易信号，以及整体的收益和单次收益都可以看到。

我们就来看一下SMA策略可视化的结果是怎么样的

上节课我们利用了backteststragedy里面的方法去跑了交易条件和回测、怎么基于实仓位的判断决定是否买卖股票、这节课就基于当前的SMA策略，来实现可视化 所以之后大家也可以基于现有的框架去测试其他策略，比如说双均线，动量策略的结果，并且将他们可视化。

一、官方示例讲解

来到官方文档的Plotting板块

http://gbeced.github.io/pyalgotrade/docs/v0.20/html/tutorial.html#plotting

from pyalgotrade import strategy
from pyalgotrade.technical import ma
from pyalgotrade.technical import cross

class SMACrossOver(strategy.BacktestingStrategy):
    def __init__(self, feed, instrument, smaPeriod):
        super(SMACrossOver, self).__init__(feed)
        self.__instrument = instrument
        self.__position = None
        # We'll use adjusted close values instead of regular close values.
        self.setUseAdjustedValues(True)
        self.__prices = feed[instrument].getPriceDataSeries()
        self.__sma = ma.SMA(self.__prices, smaPeriod)

    def getSMA(self):
        return self.__sma

    def onEnterCanceled(self, position):
        self.__position = None

    def onExitOk(self, position):
        self.__position = None

    def onExitCanceled(self, position):
        # If the exit was canceled, re-submit it.
        self.__position.exitMarket()

    def onBars(self, bars):
        # If a position was not opened, check if we should enter a long position.
        if self.__position is None:
            if cross.cross_above(self.__prices, self.__sma) > 0:
                shares = int(self.getBroker().getCash() * 0.9 / bars[self.__instrument].getPrice())
                # Enter a buy market order. The order is good till canceled.
                self.__position = self.enterLong(self.__instrument, shares, True)
        # Check if we have to exit the position.
        elif not self.__position.exitActive() and cross.cross_below(self.__prices, self.__sma) > 0:
            self.__position.exitMarket()

这里它定义了一个策略叫做：SMACrossOver。

它和上节课的策略基本是一样的。

它增加了方法：getSMA，用于返回均价的数据。

def onBars(self, bars):函数里面定义了一个策略 买入卖出的规则稍有不同。我们就不借用它的代码，还是用之前的策略。我们主要看它可视化的部分是怎么做的

from pyalgotrade import plotter
from pyalgotrade.barfeed import quandlfeed
from pyalgotrade.stratanalyzer import returns
import sma_crossover

# Load the bar feed from the CSV file
feed = quandlfeed.Feed()
feed.addBarsFromCSV("orcl", "WIKI-ORCL-2000-quandl.csv")

# Evaluate the strategy with the feed's bars.
myStrategy = sma_crossover.SMACrossOver(feed, "orcl", 20)

# Attach a returns analyzers to the strategy.
returnsAnalyzer = returns.Returns()
myStrategy.attachAnalyzer(returnsAnalyzer)

# Attach the plotter to the strategy.
plt = plotter.StrategyPlotter(myStrategy)
# Include the SMA in the instrument's subplot to get it displayed along with the closing prices.
plt.getInstrumentSubplot("orcl").addDataSeries("SMA", myStrategy.getSMA())
# Plot the simple returns on each bar.
plt.getOrCreateSubplot("returns").addDataSeries("Simple returns", returnsAnalyzer.getReturns())

# Run the strategy.
myStrategy.run()
myStrategy.info("Final portfolio value: $%.2f" % myStrategy.getResult())

# Plot the strategy.
plt.plot()

首先，他将sma_crossover作为回测的策略。接着创建数据，然后定义策略，和之前的内容差不多。

# Attach a returns analyzers to the strategy.
returnsAnalyzer = returns.Returns()
myStrategy.attachAnalyzer(returnsAnalyzer)

这里会引用returns库，定义了returns.Returns()，然后myStrategy.attachAnalyzer(returnsAnalyzer)将收益相关的指标当作参数赋值给交易策略。

接下来是要去可视化的部分：

# Attach the plotter to the strategy.
plt = plotter.StrategyPlotter(myStrategy)
# Include the SMA in the instrument's subplot to get it displayed along with the closing prices.
plt.getInstrumentSubplot("orcl").addDataSeries("SMA", myStrategy.getSMA())
# Plot the simple returns on each bar.
plt.getOrCreateSubplot("returns").addDataSeries("Simple returns", returnsAnalyzer.getReturns())

plotter是引入的可视化的工具库。 通过交易策略构造出一个plotter对象。

接着创建一个subplot子画布，然后调用addDataSeries将每日的均价的曲线画出来。

接着创建一个subplot子画布，然后调用addDataSeries将每日的收益率的曲线画出来。

# Run the strategy.
myStrategy.run()
myStrategy.info("Final portfolio value: $%.2f" % myStrategy.getResult())

然后就开始跑这个策略。

# Plot the strategy.
plt.plot()

接着将所有的数据绘制出来。

蓝色的是价格曲线，SMA是淡绿色的线，就是它的20天的平均价格。红色箭头是卖出标记 绿色箭头是买入标记。

可视化的好处是让非常直观的看到你的策略是合理的，如果都是低买高卖，那就很好对吧。、

接着画出simple return（单次收益），也就是每一次赚了或亏了多少。

接着是portfolio，你可以看作每次操作后的累计的总收益、。

二、实战

将可视化的代码复制过去即可。

#使用pyalgotrade进行数据回测
import pyalgotrade
from pyalgotrade import strategy
from pyalgotrade.barfeed import quandlfeed
from pyalgotrade_tushare import tools, barfeed
from pyalgotrade.technical import ma
from pyalgotrade import plotter
from pyalgotrade.barfeed import quandlfeed
from pyalgotrade.stratanalyzer import returns

def safe_round(value, digits):
    if value is not None:
        value = round(value, digits)
    return value

class MyStrategy(strategy.BacktestingStrategy):
    def __init__(self, feed, instrument, smaPeriod):
        super(MyStrategy, self).__init__(feed, 10000)
        self.__position = None
        self.__instrument = instrument
        # # We'll use adjusted close values instead of regular close values.
        # self.setUseAdjustedValues(True)
        self.__sma = ma.SMA(feed[instrument].getPriceDataSeries(), smaPeriod)

    def getSMA(self):
        return self.__sma   

    def onEnterOk(self, position):
        execInfo = position.getEntryOrder().getExecutionInfo()
        #self.info("BUY at $%.2f" % (execInfo.getPrice()))

    def onEnterCanceled(self, position):
        self.__position = None

    def onExitOk(self, position):
        execInfo = position.getExitOrder().getExecutionInfo()
        #self.info("SELL at $%.2f" % (execInfo.getPrice()))
        self.__position = None

    def onExitCanceled(self, position):
        # If the exit was canceled, re-submit it.
        self.__position.exitMarket()

    def onBars(self, bars):
        # Wait for enough bars to be available to calculate a SMA.
        if self.__sma[-1] is None:
            return

        bar = bars[self.__instrument]
        # If a position was not opened, check if we should enter a long position.
        if self.__position is None:
            if bar.getPrice() > self.__sma[-1]:
                # Enter a buy market order for 10 shares. The order is good till canceled.
                self.__position = self.enterLong(self.__instrument, 100, True)
        # Check if we have to exit the position.
        elif bar.getPrice() < self.__sma[-1] and not self.__position.exitActive():
            self.__position.exitMarket()

def run_strategy(smaPeriod):
    # Load the bar feed from the CSV file
    instruments = ["000001"]
    feeds = tools.build_feed(instruments, 2016, 2018, "histdata")
    #print(feeds)

    # Evaluate the strategy with the feed's bars.
    myStrategy = MyStrategy(feeds, instruments[0], smaPeriod)
    # myStrategy.run()
    # # 打印总持仓：（cash + shares * price） （持有现金 + 股数*价格）
    # print("Final portfolio value: $%.2f" % myStrategy.getBroker().getEquity())
    # Attach a returns analyzers to the strategy.
    returnsAnalyzer = returns.Returns()
    myStrategy.attachAnalyzer(returnsAnalyzer)

    # Attach the plotter to the strategy.
    plt = plotter.StrategyPlotter(myStrategy)
    # Include the SMA in the instrument's subplot to get it displayed along with the closing prices.
    plt.getInstrumentSubplot(instruments[0]).addDataSeries("SMA", myStrategy.getSMA())
    # Plot the simple returns on each bar.
    plt.getOrCreateSubplot("returns").addDataSeries("Simple returns", returnsAnalyzer.getReturns())

    # Run the strategy.
    myStrategy.run()
    myStrategy.info("Final portfolio value: $%.2f" % myStrategy.getResult())

    # Plot the strategy.
    plt.plot()

# for i in range(10, 30):
run_strategy(11)

运行

可以看到获取到了可视化的内容。

我们将时间缩短，方便具体看一下交易策略的内容。将时间改为2020-2021：

feeds = tools.build_feed(instruments, 2020, 2021, "histdata")

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